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The androgen receptor gene AR is located on the X
2023-09-26
The androgen receptor gene (AR) is located on the X-chromosome and consists of eight exons in humans (Brown et al., 1989; Kuiper et al., 1989). The similar gene structure in mice, monotremes and marsupials indicates AR is highly conserved in mammals (Choong et al., 1998; Faber et al., 1991; He et al
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br Steroidogenesis in the skin The synthesis
2023-09-26
Steroidogenesis in the skin The synthesis of steroid hormones takes place in many tissues of which the adrenal glands, ovaries, testis, placenta and T7 High Yield RNA Synthesis are considered to be classical steroidogenic organs. Nevertheless, skin constitutes an important peripheral steroidogen
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br STAR Methods br AMPK A Therapeutic Target
2023-09-26
STAR★Methods AMPK: A Therapeutic Target in the β Cell? Loss of pancreatic β cell function is a hallmark of the transition to a diagnosis of T2DM (see Glossary) 1, 2, 3, 4. AMPK activation has gained attention for the treatment of hyperglycemia in prediabetes as an insulin-sensitizing agent bec
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At the top of the S subsite cylinder are
2023-09-26
At the top of the S1 subsite cylinder are two “cap” residues: E572 and M1034 [13]. Atomic structures of PfA-M1 have revealed important clues into potential roles for the cap residues in substrate selection. In the PfA-M1:bestatin co-crystal structure ([13]; Fig. 1), the P1 phenyl ring occupies the S
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The Cebu Longitudinal Health and
2023-09-26
The Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS) genome-wide association study investigated the genetic loci associated with plasma adiponectin in 1776 unrelated Filipino women. Adiponectin was strongly associated with three genetic positions: the gene CDH13 (rs3865188, P ≤ 7.2 × 10−16), ne
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Our previous work fails to show any maternal effect
2023-09-26
Our previous work fails to show any maternal effect with blockade of 5-HT2A receptor, as acute and repeated treatment of MDL100907 does not alter maternal behavior at the behaviorally active doses (Chen et al., 2014). In the present study, MDL100907 pretreatment attenuated the maternal disruptive ef
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Adenosine is a ubiquitous homeostatic substance
2023-09-26
Adenosine is a ubiquitous homeostatic substance released from most cells, including neurons and glias. Endogenous adenosine acts at four principal G-protein-associated receptor subtypes: A1, A2a, A2b and A3 (Ralevic and Burnstock, 1998). The stimulation of adenosine receptors by extracellular adenos
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br Experimental Procedures br Acknowledgments br Introductio
2023-09-25
Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments Introduction Synapses are fundamental units for efficient communication between neurons and their target cells. Despite significant progress in understanding the structure of matured synapses, less is known about the mechanisms by which neurotransmitt
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Gramine receptor Given that there are substitutions between
2023-09-25
Given that there are 132 substitutions between βAnc and the human β subunit, we wondered whether βAnc could replace the human β subunit in hybrid AChRs formed from ancestral and human subunits. We first confirmed that the β subunit is required for expression of human AChRs in HEK293 Gramine receptor
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overseas Whereas more research is needed to
2023-09-25
Whereas more research is needed to identify the precise mechanism by which FIN exerts its antidyskinetic effect, the overseas that it can negatively modulate dopaminergic transmission is also supported by our previous findings. Indeed, we have previously shown that FIN completely reversed the behav
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In addition to the above mentioned synaptic mechanisms the
2023-09-25
In addition to the above-mentioned synaptic mechanisms, the serotonergic system also has a critical role in the antidepressant effects of mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists. Indeed, we previously reported that mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists increased the firing rate of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe
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br Funding br Introduction l Dihydroxyphenylalanine l DOPA i
2023-09-25
Funding Introduction l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) is the gold-standard treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, its chronic use induces severe motor complications that eventually limit its long-term efficacy (Bastide et al., 2015). The most disabling side
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Polyphenols like flavonoids have the potential to penetrate
2023-09-25
Polyphenols like flavonoids have the potential to penetrate into lipid bilayers which is vital for enabling protection against oxidation. Rosmarinic matrix metalloproteinases is a natural polyphenol antioxidant isolated from Sphaeranthus amaranthoides. Polyphenols can inhibit the propagation of lip
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Evidences have suggested that impairment of CK activity
2023-09-25
Evidences have suggested that impairment of CK activity contributes to inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase activities during infectious diseases, since these ATPases are dependent of ATP, as observed by Baldissera et al. [31] in fish experimentally infected by Aeromonas caviae. We observed th
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br Discussion Herein we demonstrate that mice
2023-09-25
Discussion Herein, we demonstrate that mice deficient in L-12/15 LO are more sensitive to 3-NP-induced toxicity although a substantial individual variability in striatal lesion size in response to 3-NP in both genotypes was observed. This variability is not atypical; several studies demonstrate s
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