• The endocannabinoid system ECS consists

  2021-10-29

  

  The endocannabinoid system (ECS) consists of cannabinoid (CB)1 and CB2 receptors, their endogenous ligands anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol, and the synthesizing and degrading enzymes for these ligands. Cannabinoids and the ECS are involved in the regulation of GI motility in physiological and p

• Depressed survival rate body weight and colon length along w

  2021-10-29

  

  Depressed survival rate, body weight, and colon length along with elevated clinical score comprise the essential characteristics of IBD (Hung et al., 2014; Shen et al., 2011; Sun et al., 2010). In the present study, we found that SB improved the survival rate, body weight, and colon length and decre

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments This work was supported

  2021-10-29

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments This work was supported by the American Diabetes Association (grant 1-12-BS-161 to J.D.P.), an NIH predoctoral T32 in Autoimmunity and Immunopathology grant (AI089443-05 to D.M.P.), the NIH (grant DK099550 to H.M.T.), the American Association for Cancer Research (S

• br Conclusion br Conflict of interest

  2021-10-29

  

  Conclusion Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (MCB-1817417 to S.D.) and National Institutes of Health (R01-GM72711 to A.C.D.). We thank members of the Delaney laboratory for careful reading of the manuscript and helpful

• AKR D is very highly expressed in human

  2021-10-29

  

  AKR1D1 is very highly expressed in human liver and based upon the observations outlined above, with respect to other steroid hormone pre-receptor metabolising enzymes, it is entirely plausible that AKR1D1 could represent a critical regulatory step in the control of metabolic phenotype within the liv

• Exposure of human and animals to MPTP can reproduce all

  2021-10-29

  

  Exposure of human and animals to MPTP can reproduce all the characteristic motor and non-motor signs of PD, in addition to mimicking the same responses and side effects to drugs used to treat PD [37], [38]. Anatomically, intoxication with MPTP induces the same selective loss of substantia nigra DA n

• The present in vitro experiments confirm

  2021-10-29

  

  The present in vitro experiments confirm previous suppositions (Ciosek, Gałecka, 2011, Izdebska, Ciosek, 2010) that Gal modulates AVP and OT release by acting at every level of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. In fact, both 10−10 M and 10−8 M Gal diminished basal release of AVP and OT from t

• br Introduction The term autophagy was coined

  2021-10-29

  

  Introduction The term “autophagy” was coined by Christian de Duve in 1963 to describe the process of removing and degrading intracellular components such as unused proteins and damaged organelles through lysosomes [1,2]. Autophagy has been divided into three main types, namely, macroautophagy, mi

• DIS used standard methods for locating and contacting person

  2021-10-29

  

  DIS used standard methods for locating and contacting persons for interview, including the use of phone calls, letters, in person contact, and contact through social media. During this time period, contacts of persons with diagnosed HIV (first-generation contacts) were tested for HIV and, regardless

• br Discussion br Conflict of interest

  2021-10-28

  

  Discussion Conflict of interest Acknowledgements We thank Rosetta Barkley for expert technical assistance. We thank Robin Maser, James Calvet, Darren Wallace, and Jovanka Koo for many helpful discussions and expert technical advice. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health,

• PRT 4165 Flavonoids are able to modulate proinflammatory sig

  2021-10-28

  

  Flavonoids are able to modulate proinflammatory signaling pathways to prevent OS and apoptosis [139]. Paraoxygenase-2 (PNO2) is an enzyme involved in neuroprotection by preventing OS mediated damage in mitochondria. Flavonoids can modulate the JNK/AP-1 pathway to increase expression of PNO2 [111]. F

• br Materials and methods br Results Analysis of

  2021-10-28

  

  Materials and methods Results Analysis of the post-mortem human prefrontal cortex by western blotting indicated that GLAST expression was increased 1.6-fold in the extracts of alcoholic brains relative to controls (Fig. 1A and B). To resolve the distinct sub-pools of GLAST within our samples w

• To maintain low Glu concentrations

  2021-10-28

  

  To maintain low Glu concentrations in the synaptic cleft below the affinity of its receptors, this amino L-NMMA acetate is rapidly removed from the extracellular space by a family of sodium-dependent high-affinity transport systems located mainly in the plasma membrane of perisynaptic astrocytes, a

• br Genetic rescue of GluR

  2021-10-28

  

  Genetic rescue of GluR-A-dependent spatial working memory Spatial working memory performance in GluR-A−/− mice can be restored by the forebrain-specific Spiperone hydrochloride of GluR-A subunits labeled with green-fluorescent protein (GFP) on an otherwise GluR-A knockout background (Schmitt et

• br Results br Discussion Using a novel viral vector

  2021-10-28

  

  Results Discussion Using a novel viral vector for norepinephrine-targeted gene deletion, we have shown that glucocorticoid receptor NF 449 sale from locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons reduces social interaction specifically in female mice. This effect is not attributable to changes in nov

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