• br Introduction Myotonic dystrophy dystrophia myotonica DM

  2020-06-11

  

  Introduction Myotonic dystrophy (dystrophia myotonica, DM) is an autosomal dominant disorder and the most common form of inherited muscular dystrophy in adults [1]. DM is characterised by a wide range of symptoms, including myotonia, progressive muscle loss, cataracts, cardiac conduction defects,

• The transcription factor CREB has been

  2020-06-11

  

  The transcription factor CREB has been extensively studied for its role in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory (West et al., 2002, Lonze and Ginty, 2002). Previous research has demonstrated that the phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133, performed by the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, initiates a casc

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2020-06-11

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Cisplatin, as one member of a class of platinum-containing anti-cancer drugs, which displays a great deal of clinical activity on a wide variety of solid tumors. In addition, cisplatin often used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to treat

• br Epac in cardiovascular pathophysiology

  2020-06-11

  

  Epac in cardiovascular pathophysiology Epac orchestrates signaling actors that regulate fundamental cellular functions and general biological effects. However, some important gaps still remain in the knowledge of the physiopathological role of Epac in the heart. So far, Epac has been implicated i

• During the past few years several

  2020-06-11

  

  During the past few years, several studies have addressed macrophage phenotype in experimental models, such as angiotensin II-induced AAA. A first study investigated macrophage phenotype using flow cytometry to identify M1 and M2 macrophages and qPCR analysis for expression of NOS2 and Ym1/2. The au

• The possibility of harm with DPP

  2020-06-11

  

  The possibility of harm with DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with clinically overt heart failure has been recently highlighted by the results of the VIVIDD (Vildagliptin in Ventricular Dysfunction Diabetes) trial (68), the only trial to date that has been designed to evaluate the effects of a DPP-4 inh

• Given the structural similarity of BMAA

  2020-06-11

  

  Given the structural similarity of BMAA to other amino acids, our hypothesis was that N-nitrosation of BMAA might result in a toxic alkylating agent, providing a previously unrecognised mechanism for BMAA action. Materials and methods Results and discussion We first examined whether chemical

• Indeed the alkyl group is not

  2020-06-11

  

  Indeed, the -alkyl group is not seen in the original crystallographic electron density omit map prior to positioning either inhibitor in DHODH, nor can it be found in the final maps. Rather, the electron density maps are consistent with hydrolysis of the amide to the acid. Once the scaffold was clea

• Although in vitro and in vivo immunosuppressive effects

  2020-06-10

  

  Although, in vitro and in vivo immunosuppressive effects of female steroids have been described in fish (Yamaguchi et al., 2001, Law et al., 2001), their mode of action was not evaluated in detail. Consequently, it is of considerable interest to investigate the intracellular pathways that regulate t

• Furthermore the determination of downstream target genes ind

  2020-06-10

  

  Furthermore, the determination of downstream target genes induced by CdCl2 is noteworthy and can help to define its underlying carcinogenesis mechanism. Therefore, we evaluated c-fos and c-jun expression which are stimulated by estrogen through ERK/MAPK pathway. These are not only proto-oncogenes wh

• A limitation of this study is

  2020-06-10

  

  A limitation of this study is the between-study heterogeneity of the datasets analyzed. To address this heterogeneity, we used a random-effects model in our analysis. Also, only 2 of the databases provided information on sex, and as a result, the sex-specific analyses were performed with a smaller c

• br Discussion Estradiol is known as one

  2020-06-10

  

  Discussion Estradiol is known as one of the stress signaling molecule [3,4,14]. Here, we showed that PH induced estradiol production before hepatocyte proliferation (Fig. 1). Conversely, the ovariectomized and orchitectomized mice produced less estradiol after PH, and had delayed liver regenerati

• ERR is constitutively active in the absence

  2020-06-10

  

  ERRγ is constitutively active in the absence of endogenous ligand. However, several synthetic ligands that can repress or induce ERRγ function by disrupting ERRγ-coactivator interactions have been reported to date. The estrogen receptor modulators diethylstilbestrol (DES) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-O

• br Results br Discussion In this paper we present

  2020-06-10

  

  Results Discussion In this paper we present insights into the observed specificities of inhibitors targeting the ubiquitin-activating and related E1 PBIT synthesis via crystal structures of the specific NEDD8-E1 inhibitor MLN4924, the dual NEDD8/Ub E1 inhibitor ABPA3, and the selective Ub-E1 i

• The imaging and biochemical data presented

  2020-06-10

  

  The imaging and biochemical data presented here demonstrated that in T cells, AEP played a specific function in cleaving Foxp3 but not Tbet. These results are in accordance with previous AEP studies where it has been shown that AEP substrates in part are not amenable to other protease activity. In a

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