• ERAP has been crystallized in two different

  2024-12-27

  

  ERAP1 has been crystallized in two different conformations, wherein the C-terminal domain IV is either closely interacting with domains I/II and enclosing the active site (termed ‘closed’), or is rotated away in a hinge motion which exposes the active site (‘open’). This large motion correlates with

• For the first series we decided to verify the effects

  2024-12-27

  

  For the first series we decided to verify the effects induced, on the ALR2 inhibitory properties, of an additional steric hindrance on the carbon in α position with respect to the carboxylic group, by introducing a methyl group (R2=Me). Therefore, we synthesized a series of new α-alanine derivatives

• Nrf br AhR br Nrf and

  2024-12-27

  

  Nrf2 AhR Nrf2 and AhR: friends or foes for energetic metabolism? Perspectives in carcinogenesis upon xenobiotic exposure Acknowledgements Introduction Integration of endogenous and exogenous signals via appropriate receptors is at the core of biological differentiation and adaptive r

• Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide PACAP is

  2024-12-26

  

  Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a member of the secretin/growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)/vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) family, with potent anti-inflammatory and potent cytoprotective properties [[6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13]]. PACAP exists as

• For comprehensive understanding of actin myosin XI

  2024-12-26

  

  For comprehensive understanding of actin-myosin XI as a control network, it will be necessary to determine the functions of all the myosin XI and BADGE mg isoforms. However, it is difficult to reveal the function of individual myosin XI isoforms because most myosin XI single knockouts exhibited no

• Previous reports indicate that the expression of AChRs

  2024-12-26

  

  Previous reports indicate that the expression of AChRs and their clustering on myotubes are critical factors required to induce contacts on muscle fibers in a natural biological system [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]. For instance, in NMJ development in the mouse, AChRs are pre-patterned at sites

• In an insightful essay Heryanto

  2024-12-26

  

  In an insightful essay, Heryanto (1990, 40) writes that language is “a phenomenon expressing the particular history of a society” that did not exist in many parts of the world. “Language is not a universal category or cultural activity. Though it may sound odd, not all people have a language in the

• Osteocytes the most abundant cells in an adult

  2024-12-26

  

  Osteocytes, the most abundant cells in an adult skeleton, are essentially mature osteoblasts that are surrounded by the products they secreted (Noble and Reeve, 2000). Osteocytes serve as mechanosensors that direct bone remodeling and that regulate the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts (Bone

• br Methods and results ACE is a Canadian satellite

  2024-12-26

  

  Methods and results ACE is a Canadian satellite mission [7] that measures atmospheric Lipid signaling spectra in the limb geometry using the Sun as a light source (solar occultation). The ACE orbit (74° inclination to the equator, 650 km altitude) concentrates measurements at high latitudes but a

• Whereas more research is needed

  2024-12-26

  

  Whereas more research is needed to identify the precise mechanism by which FIN exerts its antidyskinetic effect, the apomorphine synthesis that it can negatively modulate dopaminergic transmission is also supported by our previous findings. Indeed, we have previously shown that FIN completely rever

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments br

  2024-12-26

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgments Introduction Inflammation is a protective response of the microcirculation to harmful stimuli. Yet, excessive inflammation is potentially harmful and a characteristic of many chronic diseases [1]. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO, EC1.13.11.34) contributes to the in

• In addition to the above mentioned synaptic

  2024-12-26

  

  In addition to the above-mentioned synaptic mechanisms, the serotonergic system also has a critical role in the antidepressant effects of mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists. Indeed, we previously reported that mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists increased the firing rate of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe

• Moreover our present work suggests that AXL

  2024-12-26

  

  Moreover, our present work suggests that AXL could be a modulator of sunitinib response, at least for cell lines that present high endogenous levels of this RTK activation, since we observed an increased responsiveness to sunitinib in IRAK-4 signaling pathway inhibitor activated with AXL receptor li

• Introduction Cancer which is responsible for a

  2024-12-26

  

  Introduction Cancer, which is responsible for a million deaths each year, is universally feared, and approximately 50% of newly diagnosed cases can be cured [1]. The existing cancer treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or a combination of them, are quickly losing efficacy. The

• br Methods br Results br

  2024-12-26

  

  Methods Results Discussion Autotaxin has been shown to have effects on major cell types implicated in OA, notably chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and synoviocytes, through its enzymatic product LPA [20]. However, a paucity of research exists on the involvement of autotaxin in OA. Fi

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